While I understand the author’s sentiments, as well as those posted above, I hold a more optimistic view of democracy, and more importantly, classical liberalism. We should remember that when President Reagan took office, there were a handful of democracies, today there are roughly 120. They are of course in various stages of development, some more free than others, but democracies. The past 30 years has been described by some as a democratic revolution. What we often lack in our assessment of the state of affairs with respect to sociologic trends and governance is the resolution of time (particularly as Americans) to see transient oscillations and short term upheavals for what they are. I often use the analogy, though it seems silly, of an anthropologist from another planet who, in his/her/its study of our species and its development, is detached, emotionally uninvested, and objective. From this vantage point the alien anthropologist can fairly compare and contrast the state of human affairs not simply on a year to year basis as we are inclined, but across centuries, millennia. I suspect such an observer might, based on the totality of our history, suggest that with the abrupt fall of the Soviet Union which resulted in vastly unbalanced distributions of power and influence globally, combined with the dramatic rise in global economics blurring once clear allegiances and resulting in (hopefully temporary) extremes of wealth disparities, the rapid rise of progressive secularism in a shrinking world encroaching upon the long isolated territories of 14th century religious strongholds, and many other factors, should naturally lead to some form of transient upheaval and swings in sociologic trends. But taken as a whole, our history as a species would suggest there is, and has been, an inexorable march of humanity, albeit with countless transient detours, towards the fundamental principles of classical liberalism, specifically freedom and self-determination. It is unfortunate, however, that we, as a result of our teachings in the 20th century, tie freedom to democracy exclusively, and now have gone as far as using democracy as a surrogate for freedom as an absolute. This is not wise. Democracy is simply mob-rule if not bound by firmly entrenched underlying principles of liberty, supremacy of the individual over collectivism and inviolable restrictions on the powers of the state. It is a point of stark contrast between President Reagan for example and Presidents Clinton and Bush. President Reagan was a champion of freedom, while the latter two have been champions of democracy and privatization. This is not to suggest that they are necessarily wrong given their circumstances, but there is a very important distinction between the two approaches. Promoting freedom first assumes that the fundamental concepts of individual liberty are the seeds from which representative gov't will likely grow. Conversely, promoting democracy first, presumes it is from the concept of majority rule that freedom will emerge. I, personally, am inclined to prefer the former approach, viewing freedom, preserved and defended by any number of governing constructs is a preferable outcome to democracy taking the form of a strong-man inspired mob-rule at the expense of freedom, as is the case in Russia for example. Nonetheless, it can be said with certainty that democracies are less likely to attack one another, and there is definitely value in that. Ultimately, I am optimistic that the direction of freedom with the consequent emergence of representative gov't has been and continues to be humanity's general vector, though the magnitude and precise orientation of that vector wobbles at times. Though rarely invoked in political debate today, it is the American civil war and the singularly unique reconstitution of a strong democracy grounded in freedom afterwards that serves as the greatest testimony to the power of freedom over less enduring social constructs. Freedom has survived the crown, the Nazis, the Soviets, and, in my estimation, will survive the wahabists and jihadists as well, though it will never escape challenge, because ultimately freedom is hard and demands responsibility and adult adjustments rather than child-like dependency as is necessary for autocracies of all flavors to thrive.